1. What is ceramic? The difference between pottery and porcelain have?

  Refers to all ceramic clay, feldspar, quartz as a main raw material and other natural mineral raw material after pulverization, molding, firing and other processes of various products.

Pottery and porcelain collectively known ceramics. Common cups, bowls, plates, pots, bricks, tiles and other ceramic products are.

The basic chemical composition of the ceramic are silicates, pottery and porcelain, but there is a difference in performance.

1) Ceramic: 10%> Water absorption> 3% body has not been vitrified or vitrified degree of difference, the structure is not dense, rough section, percussion

Shen muddy sound. (The wall, tiles, etc. fall into this category)

2) Stoneware: 3%> Water absorption> 0.5%, the degree of glass and other physical properties between ceramic and porcelain. (Outside the wall, glazed tiles, crystal tiles, etc. fall into this category)

3) Porcelain: water absorption <0.5%, a high degree of glass, compact structure, delicate, the section was stone-like, crisp percussion. (Tiles, porcelain tiles, individual outer wall)

2, ceramic products commonly used indicators and evaluation issues are there?

1) blank crack: cracks in the blank.

2) Pinhole: the product surface of the needle-shaped apertures.

3) spot: Harmonia product surface stain.

4) Mezzanine: lamellar body cracks or spalling small block.

5) color: the same piece or set of products with positive color discrepancies.

6) Pock: Product sunken pits positive presentation.

7) Cave: Fusible melt the product front cavity formation.

8) Drain cast: the product should be part of the local matt polished.

9) throw mark: abrasive scratch marks appear polished surface products.

10) Radioactive: The proton splitting some special elements in the electronic transition process, will produce some harmful rays, we have the elements of such a feature is called radioactivity. St. Tao Shagong Our product quality inspection agencies certified by the state as no radioactive contamination of the product.

11) Water absorption: is a term used to describe the degree of water absorption of ceramic products, such as dry clothes soaked in water absorbs water like, ceramic products also have some water absorption, lower water absorption, to improve other properties of the ceramic product more helpful, such as strength, density and so with lower water absorption and have varying degrees of increase. St. Tao Shagong Our products are completely glassy fossil, low water absorption.

12) Wear resistance: abrasion resistance with a certain force, certain abrasive, a certain number of revolutions of the grinding powder by volume of ceramic tiles is described under the grinding down of ceramic brick powder, the more the abrasion resistance poor.

13) antifouling properties: ceramic surface infected with dirt more easily if washed off, so the better the antifouling properties. Determination of antifouling performance is easy to produce traces of contaminants standard coated on the tile surface, using different types of cleaning agents to clean after a certain time, to determine the antifouling effect of the ceramic tile. Will not be contaminated ceramic is not, therefore, when the ceramic surface contamination, we should use suitable cleaning agents to clean, bleach, detergent, acetone, hydrochloric acid solution, potassium hydroxide solution or the like is commonly used cleaning agents .

14) Chemical resistance: refers to the tile of chemical substances (such as: resistance to acids, alkalis, salts, etc.) erosion. Good chemical resistance, even if the long-term in the acidic or alkaline environment, the tile will not be any changes. Improved chemical resistance, can prolong the life of the tile in the natural state.

15) Gloss: refers to the strength of ceramic tile polishing, surface gloss reflective capacity is higher, reflecting the stronger, the more its surface looks like a mirror, the light can Kam.

16) surface roughness: refers to the degree level ceramic tile surface, the surface more smooth, paving the better. When the extent of flat tile surface reaches a certain standard, there will be no proper paving arch or concave phenomenon.

3, product packaging and labeling are there?

Should have a clear mark on the product, should be marked with the company name, address, product name, trademark, quantity and weight of the packaging.

Product quality grade, date of production.

Implementation of the standard number.

Nominal dimensions and size of the work.

Surface characteristics of the product, if the glaze, no glaze.

4. What are the characteristics of ceramic tile?

Ceramic tile is developed in the late 1980s a new building decoration materials, building materials produced by the Kingdom of Italy took the lead, was introduced into China in the early 1990s. It is generally not buffing and polishing, polished magnificent, not polished light and elegant, widely used in advanced architecture and modern home decor.

Compared to other tiles, porcelain tiles from the surface to the interior, color, exactly the same texture, all porcelain products, compact structure, hard material, no distortion, no discoloration, Mohs hardness of more than 6, with good abrasion resistance and lasting color, especially the new features. Ceramic tile water absorption is less than 0.5%, with good frost resistance, thermal shock resistance and crack resistance, for climate adaptation wide range. High flexural strength of ceramic tile, reaching more than 40Mpa, stable physical and chemical properties, acid and alkali resistance, other chemical erosion resistance, and therefore the use of a wide range of ceramic tile.

Compared with natural granite, ceramic tile and natural granite chemical composition is similar, but it has overcome the inherent deficiencies and difficulties processing of natural granite, so it only has a natural granite decorative effect, and in the case of equal strength, but also than natural granite thin, light weight, easy bonding, and low cost advantages.

Compared with the marble, in addition to high strength, wear resistance, corrosion, etc. are not afraid of acid, but also to overcome the fundamental marble easily cracked, weathered weaknesses become longer life than marble architectural ceramics decoration materials. In addition, through scientific experiments verified, most ceramic tile can achieve radiological safety requirements, and many marble, but there are more serious radioactive, has a great impact on human health.

Compared with glazed tiles, porcelain tiles in addition to higher grades, better decorative effect, but will not be late cracks, broken off the glaze and color, it will not be deformed due to moisture expansion arch.

5, porcelain tiles are divided into several categories?

Ceramic tile can be divided according to their appearance, uses and characteristics: glazed porcelain tile, unglazed porcelain tiles, polished porcelain tiles, polished porcelain tiles not, bleed ceramic tile, porcelain tile large particles, outside wall ceramic tile, porcelain tile floor outdoor (square tiles), anti-skid ceramic tile and so on.

6. What tiles (tiles completely) the main feature is?

Polished by the late 1980s, the building materials of the Kingdom of Italy, Spain, introduced into China, and it has low water absorption ≤0.5%, ≥55 surface gloss, surface hardness ≥6 level, wear and corrosion resistance, high strength (for ≥35Mpa), easy to clean, maintain, adapt to a wide range of advantages. Modern home decoration of choice for ground (wall) building materials.

7, tiles, and fully vitrified tiles Seiko whether three different product?

Polished, Seiko fully vitrified tiles and building materials for the same product, just different names. Scientific name are ceramic tile, but is based on the polished tiles naming process, and completely tiles is based on the product of a physical process of firing

Chemical processes named.

8. What are the advantages and disadvantages tiles?

1) tiles varieties, more and bigger sizes.

2) high gloss, surface hardness up to seven, magnificent, excellent decorative effect.

3) mimicking the natural stone tiles, texture sense, stereoscopic.

4) tiles can be arbitrarily processed into various accessories, decorative effect and improve ground fashion sense

5) Because there is no glaze tiles protection, solid antifouling capabilities poor.

6) is polished porcelain tiles, glass into their high water absorption ≤0.5%, the flexural strength of up to 38Mpa (1Mpa = 1.02kg / cm2).

9, vitrified tiles and water absorption degree of how discrimination?

1) the degree of polished glass identification method

Vitrified tiles is good or bad depends on the extent of the recipe, the glass transition temperature and the firing time of the product, we usually knock bricks available methods to determine the extent of the initial vitrified tiles of a particular brand, knocking sound level vitrified clear good, otherwise poor.

2) identification method polished water absorption

Water absorption method can be used to judge the opposite ink (ink drops in the back of the tile, depending on its speed is absorbed or spread fast by high water absorption, low and vice versa).

10, paving tiles Why stay posted sew? How much is appropriate to stay?

To leave some paving tiles paving joints, first, because the cement has a larger thermal expansion and contraction properties, if you do not keep the seam in the future use of brick with cement expansion and contraction will be, because there is no margin expansion resulting product muster or peeling lead to another squeeze. Second, because even the best tiles will have a certain size of the error, the use of paving joints can be adjusted to improve the tiling effect, American and European countries are generally left Paving Paving 3 ~ 5mm seam. Concrete paving joints, as the case may be, the country is generally between `2 ~ 3mm.

11. What is the current national standard is mandatory testing of radioactive materials?

Currently, the National Building Materials Bureau of radioactive testing center is based on "GB6566-2001-- radioactive materials health protection standards" to detect and products according to their specific activity is divided into different size of Mr A, B, C categories, which a class for standard products, B, C class sales and use must be restricted, and can not be used directly for the use of the building the people living life, can only be used or pier structures, culverts, tunnel and so on.

12, polished surface hardness of how to define and grade?

Accordance with the relevant provisions of the state standard, polished surface hardness is divided into 10 levels, one of the softest (talc), 10 most

Hard (diamond), called Mohs hardness of the surface, the national standard for six.

13. What are the common quality defects?

(1) color: color refers to the difference between the bricks of the same color or a batch of bricks appear on unity, reaching the point of impact of the decoration effect. Color is divided into color color, single brick types between the two groups or two bricks on. Causes the color produced is varied, raw materials, blank machining, forming and firing control and other aspects will have a bad color.

(2) sandwich: they cried out, layer cracking, delamination, and rebirth, and in the products ranging from brick out of the bubble, severe multi-layered phenomenon, not a serious form, the root cause is due to the mold powder gas emissions caused by poor feed, the impact of many factors, boils down to two main reasons: First, the powder performance reasons, and the other is the reason the press area.

(3) Modification: refers to irregular changes relative to a normal brick produced. Many factors influence the deformation formula as body shaping, drying system, etc. The most important is the firing system. Deformation mainly for Qiaojiao, bend the bottom corner, upturned edges, concave, twisted, irregular deformation.

(4) the size of the head: also known as the size of the edge, the edge is relatively long compared to the nominal size of different sizes, so that the shape is not the whole brick, ceramic production process is one of the most prone to another difficult problem. Causes a variety of stamping presses will have an impact on the size of the head, the feeder installation and parameter setting, molds, kilns and so will the size of the head impact.

(5) concave side: concave edge defects, also known as the brick narrow waist, waist, bulging, belly and other ceramic tile production is more difficult to solve the problem, the problem with the size of the head appear together, but also causes the size of the head defects can be caused by uneven edges. Common cause is poor powder flowability, leading edge portion of the cavity in the process of reclaiming the fabric is relatively less than normal, or as a result of feeding cars and mold problems so that the edge portion of the cavity reclaimer less than normal, due to inconsistencies in the firing shrinkage .

(6) cracking: cracking adobe caused by many reasons, there are equipment problems, there are furnace problem, it is one of the major flaws tiles. In the form of crack defects varied, with side split, surface cracking and spalling. Cracking caused by the press have crack, diastema; cracks caused by sintering, hot fried, cold fried, surface cracks.

(7) Corner collapse: collapse corners mostly caused by mechanical reasons, it is one of the most common ceramic tile manufacturing process defects. Impact presses and molds, pushing billet is caused by lower core top blanks are not in place, mobility, strength of body powder, and the other drying systems, glaze line, kilns in the process of transfer will produce chipping phenomenon .

(8) Cave spots and dark spots and macular spots are generally divided, at a spot called cavernous Cave. Cave called when two serious flaws while producing spots. The main reason is the body of the defects with impurities. Another firing temperature is too high, resulting in fire is a common cause of produce Cave.

(9) brick antifouling: Causes antifouling poor for two main reasons, first, because after polishing closed pores within the exposed brick, one polishing process leads to an increase in micro-cracks within the brick. Closed pores inside polished after polishing will be exposed on the surface of the tile, the same water absorption as compared with the general tiles, when the tiles come into contact with contaminants polished surface, part of the pollutant will seep into the exposed pores in these very difficult to clean up pollutants in depth. Many brick surface covered with small cracks were worn surface, when pollutants fall brick, part of pollutants will penetrate into the many tiny cracks inside. Polished antifouling methods to improve the capacity necessary to raise the level of technology, and then polished surface is chemically treated.

(10) black heart: green body is generally caused by the burning of organic matter entirely. Baipi will show yellow - green - gray, green and red is yellow - gray - black. Color is an organic material or iron oxide redox phenomena generated because of insufficient carbon particles or iron being formed. All tiles reduce permeability factors will lead to sinister phenomenon. Side end sinister manifestation phenomenon, tile

Appear black heart, the entire perimeter of the tiles appear black heart, the center of a large area of the tile black heart, black heart partially spherical bulge.

14. How to choose tile?

1) weigh - hand Dianqi brick, feel is heavy. Is the high density, high strength, good texture, otherwise poor texture.

2) Look - in a well-lit environment, observe the brick surface scratches, bump, crack, dirty color, uneven color, leak throwing and other defects, color is bright, strong mirror effect or not.

3) Listen - tapping bricks, whether listening to the sound crisp. There were metal sound, brick dense, high sintering degree; conversely low brick sintering degree, and even internal cracks.

4) test - the tea down on the tile surface, stand two minutes after the wipe. If there is no significant residual traces, then brick, low water absorption, stain resistance good; otherwise vitrified low degree, dirt poor. Antifouling tests generally have oily pen, ink, cement, footprints.

5) the amount - with a ruler to measure the length of the diagonal side and see if regular.

6) ratio - shop around, choose a quality assurance and good reputation and a better price brands.

15, the general loss of purchasing tiles much should be set aside? How to calculate the amount of paving material aid?

Material should generally be reserved for 3% of the construction losses tile decoration.

Auxiliary materials used in paving tiles are: No. 325 Portland cement, white cement, sand, 107 glue.

Paving brick wall 325 per square meter of ordinary cement 11KG, sand 33KG, lime paste 2KG, floor tiles 325 per square meter of ordinary cement 12.5KG, sand 34KG.

White cement is performed after sealing paving process, per square meter is about 0.5KG.

Add the right amount of glue and 107 increase the adhesion.

16. Why are there different colors numbers?

Changes in raw material production, adjusted for changes in the firing system, pressing, polishing and other processes will result in small changes in the color of the product there is, therefore need to distinguish the color number.

17. What are the advantages of wood tiles?

Because wood tiles are ceramic products, product features, advantages in huge contrast solid wood, it is anti-moisture, anti-fouling, anti-moth, acid, alkali, abrasion resistance; fire, Alice, anti-deformation; heat quickly, to meet the needs of northern warm; easy to clean, good maintenance, no noise, does not contain formaldehyde, a very healthy environment.

18. Why Guangdong brick brick quality is relatively better than other origins?

Guangdong ceramic tile production has a long history, with advanced production technology and equipment, has accumulated rich experience in production, quality of personnel, improve management. At the same time improve the industry structure, supporting the industry standards fairly. Another high quality raw material in Guangdong, stable and suitable for burning high-quality bricks.

19, ceramic products and why you want to buy before you buy after checking out of the box and try to shop?

When the purchase is mainly to check the box to check whether the model is consistent with the different color number of products have different shades of color. Shop mainly to try different color number, size brick added to distinguish, the same color, size shop in the same space, used the same color, size, and then paving the neighboring color number, size of bricks. Further, by laying the test is easy to adjust.

20, there is no superior product defect it?

Because ceramic products are all kinds of raw materials through high temperature firing products, impurities, distortion and other defects can not be completely avoided, the national standard also allows a certain degree of defects. Such as surface quality, polished superior product provides at least 95% of the bricks away from 0.8m vertical surface without defects observed, that allow a certain defects.

21 red green brick is ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles Baipi bricks are red brick inferior Baipi blank brick it?

This statement is unscientific. Decided to constitute the body color body raw iron, titanium oxide content, the higher the content of firing after showing darker, it only determines the body color, does not affect the quality of the brick. Factors affecting the intrinsic quality of the brick is mainly to see the degree of sintering, good quality bricks are really "burn through a" brick.

22. Why would the wall cracks?

One wall of water absorption, particularly humid bathroom environment, the body adsorb moisture in the air expands, the glaze layer does not swell stress, cracks will exceed the capacity of the glaze;

On the other hand due to improper selection of construction adhesive, if the cement, sand, water ratio is not the time, the volume change of the curing process, the stress generated over glazed affordability and cracking.

23. Why is the use of outer wall frost resistance in cold areas should particularly good?

Winter cold outdoor temperatures are often in the following 0 ℃, wall atmospheric moisture adsorption, due to temperature changes from liquid to solid, the volume is changing easily lead to peel off a piece of the wall, the wall so the use of anti-cold regions freezing tolerance must be good, that is, smaller water absorption.

24. What are the advantages of tiles?

High-quality polished, low water absorption, strong anti-fouling properties, high flexural strength, size regular unified, high wear resistance, high gloss, non-radioactive elements, a large area of paving, no color and so on.

25, when intact paving tiles, surface cracks period of time is the reason?

Polished After calcination, to porcelain, proper use is generally not broken. Paving high grade cement or cement with pure, high strength cement hardening is accompanied by a drastic change in the volume or tiles left no expansion joints, cracks often certain regularity and directionality.

26. Why polished dry shop?

Great wall of water absorption, to absorb water slurry of water, and therefore wet shop. Polished small water absorption, minimal water absorption of cement mortar, dry shop does not affect the cement hardening. In addition, the dry cement mortar fluidity small shop can ensure convenient construction site to keep clean and prevent tiles "hollowing."

27, laying tiles on the external walls of dry hanging more time Why?

The main security concerns. Polished low water absorption, the back is smooth, easy to use cement mortar cement; in addition polished self-important, easy to fall.

28, paving tiles why sometimes will soon fall off the wall?

When paving tiles wall tiles made with cement mortar adhesive wall water absorption, if the water has not been pre-soaked, porous ceramic tiles after paving will have to absorb the moisture in cement mortar. Cement requires large amounts of water during the curing process, due to the dehydration becomes no adhesion, no strength, brick joint cement mortar together away from the wall.

29 with a time of pure cement paving tiles right?

In order to prevent excessive shrinkage of cement resulting in greater tensile stress crack tiles, to use low-grade cement 325 or less, 1: 3 cement mortar paving tiles.

30, there is no time to wipe after paving tile grout adhesion, how to clean?

Generally available 1:10 dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute oxalic acid solution wash.

31. Why is non-slip tiles?

Polished by polished, smooth surface, a large area of contact with the sole, increasing friction when walking, and therefore slip.

32. Why polished radioactivity is no harm to the human body?

Polished inorganic non-metallic materials as raw material, as the general nature of the material, these materials generally do not contain radioactive elements shape, even if there is a very small amount, after radioactive testing standards.

33, press tonnage greater the production of the higher density of brick it?

Factors affecting the density of tiles pressure, sintering temperature, time, materials and other ingredients, and therefore not press tonnage, the more dense of tiles, to ensure sufficient pressure press unit is one aspect of it.

34, tiles, wall tiles, glazed tiles implementing standards which country?

GB / T 4100.1-1999 (E≤0.5%) porcelain tiles: tiles, glazed porcelain, antique porcelain tiles

GB / T 4100.2-1999 (0.5% <E≤3%) stoneware tiles: the wall, wear-resistant tiles

GB / T 4100.3-1999 (3% <E≤6%) of fine stoneware tiles: There is no

GB / T 4100.4-1999 (6% <E≤10%) stoneware tiles: antique tiles, crystal tiles, glazed tiles

GB / T 4100.5-1999 (E> 10%) Ceramic tiles: Tiles

Another Japanese standard square tiles, water absorption between 0.5% <E≤3%.

35, polished stain cleaning problem how to solve?

Dirt type
  Cleaner
 
Oil / grease
  Alkaline cleaners
 
Ink stains / coffee / juice
  Dilution of sodium hypochlorite
 
Rust stains
  Hydrochloric or phosphoric acid solution
 
Lime scale
  Acidic cleaners
 
Beer / wine / cream
  Alkaline cleaners
 
Marker
  Organic solvents (acetone / triple vinyl)
 

36, if the quality of how to solve the problem?

When a quality problem, we must first analyze the causes of quality, then the responsible party ownership, such as production, transportation, handling, improper use, etc.

37, all products by the radiation detecting it?

Radiation detection is based on GB6566-2001 "building materials radionuclide limited", detected by an authorized agency or unit. General method for detecting a full inspection and sampling, and testing methods of ceramic tiles the same radioactive test using random sampling approach. Tile radioactive materials used mainly by production decisions, and the general production of raw materials containing radioactive elements few, carefully selected and provide long-term stability. The physical properties of the production of ceramic tiles are generally products are based on the inherent sampling methods, such as water absorption, abrasion resistance, etc., when the classification of the product appearance quality inspection is a full inspection. In order to strengthen our quality control before and after storage warehousing increased sampling.